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# Spear ✞ Lancaster LLC

Consulting and Forensic Experts

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## Posts

- [Crane Rigging<br>The Angle of Sling Loading and its Effect on Capacity](https://jespear.com/crane-rigging-angle-of-sling-loading/) - By Mike Randall, CSP and Jeremy J. Lancaster, CSP Improper rigging, not knowing the full weight of the load, and load movement during lifting are all common causes of crane incidents. Being aware of the sling configuration and its impact on capacity will go a long way to ensure a lift is performed safely.When it
- [Carbon Monoxide Exposure From Lift Trucks](https://jespear.com/carbon-monoxide-exposure-from-lift-trucks/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CIH, CSP, FAIHA The use of lift trucks powered by internal combustion engines inside buildings and enclosed spaces creates the potential buildup of carbon monoxide (CO). Propane-powered (LPG) lift trucks represent 60% of all material handling vehicles and 80% of all internal combustion lift trucks. Although LPG lift trucks emit considerably
- [Lawn Tractor Noise Reduction](https://jespear.com/lawn-tractor-noise-reduction/) - By Daniel P. Mahoney, Brian D. Mahoney and Jerome Spear Lawn tractors are a familiar sound throughout suburban neighborhoods as individuals cut their grass each week. Based on a noise dosimetry study, riding on a lawn tractor presents an average noise exposure in the range of 86.5 to 96.4 dBA. Running the blade adds 1.2
- [Excavation and Trenching Safety](https://jespear.com/excavation-and-trenching-safety/) - By Jeremy J. Lancaster, CSP. Excavation and trenching pose serious threats to worker safety. I personally experienced the long-lasting consequences of unsafe excavation and trenching practices when I lost my brother to a fatal excavation collapse. This article offers key lessons in safety and prevention to stop similar future fatalities. Excavation and trenching are some
- [MSHA's Recent Update to Safety Rules for Respirable Crystalline Silica](https://jespear.com/mshas-recent-update-to-safety-rules-for-respirable-crystalline-silica/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CIH, CSP, FAIHA Crystalline silica, an extremely common material found in most soils and rock formations, is a dangerous occupational hazard for workers in industries like mining and construction. These particles are very fine and, once inhaled, easily travel through the respiratory system. Deposits of this material in the lungs cause
- [Corporate Culture: Examining Its Effects on Safety Performance](https://jespear.com/corporate-culture-examining-its-effects-on-safety-performance/) - By Judith Erickson, Erickson Associates.Safety performance is divided into two aspects: safety program elements and safety process elements (Erickson, 2006). The program elements deal with basic safety functioning: regulations, legislation, training audits and related items. These elements are considered hard skills and are under control of the safety professional. The process elements are the underlying factors within an organization that either
- [Heat Illness Prevention:  Risk Assessment and Planning](https://jespear.com/heat-illness-prevention-risk-assessment-planning/) - The Statistical Abstracts of the United States, 105th edition, estimates that 5 to 10 million workers are exposed to heat illness annually. Heat illnesses (such as heat stroke, heat exhaustion, and heat cramps) are caused by hot environments and are preventable occupational health hazards.Heat illness results when the body is out of heat balance. Heat
- [Industrial Hygiene](https://jespear.com/industrial-hygiene-jespear-consulting/) - 5 Steps to Successful Exposure Assessments By Jerome E. Spear, CSP, CIH The better our understanding of exposures and the risks they pose, the more assurance we have that we are controlling the most important (highest risk) exposures first. Control efforts (such as engineering, work practice, or personal protective equipment) are often costly to implement
- [Cranes and Overhead Powerlines](https://jespear.com/cranes-and-overhead-powerlines/) - Case 1: A 28-year old construction worker was holding onto a steel ladder beingmoved by a telescoping boom crane. As the crane’s boom was swung in the direction of 7,200 volt power lines, the cable contacted the lines and the worker was electrocuted.Case 2: A co-owner of a steel erection company and three workers were
- [What is Industrial Hygiene?](https://jespear.com/what-is-industrial-hygiene/) - Workplace safety and health are critical for employees and employers. Ensuring a safe work environment is crucial not only for the well-being of workers but also for the productivity and success of a business. Industrial hygiene is the art and science of recognizing, evaluating, and controlling occupational and environmental health hazards that may cause health effects,
- [Incident Investigations: A Problem-Solving Process](https://jespear.com/incident-investigations-a-problem-solving-process/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CIH, CSP, FAIHA Heinrich’s study in 1931 concluded that for every serious injury, about 29 minorinjuries occur with 300 other occurrences that produce no injury (Heinrich 90). In anotherstudy, Bird and Germaine showed a 500:100:1 relationship among property-damageaccidents, minor-injury accidents, and disabling injury accidents (Bird and Germain 21).Fletcher reported a ratio
- [Understanding Confined Space Standards](https://jespear.com/understanding-confined-space-standards/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CIH, CSP, FAIHAAccording to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), one death occurs in every 10 confined space accidents. Injuries and fatalities involving confined spaces often involve successive fatalities when “would-be” rescuers succumb to the same problem as the initial victim. Almost every kind of industry has some type of
- [Lessons Learned from Catastrophic Cabin Creek Confined Space Incident](https://jespear.com/lessons-learned-from-catastrophic-cabin-creek-confined-space-incident/) - Over 1,000 workers died in confined spaces between 2011 to 2018. In this article, we review lessons learned from previous events to prevent future fatalities.
- [Crane Rigging: Understanding Upper Attachment Points and the Load(s) Imposed On Them in a Lift](https://jespear.com/crane-rigging-understanding-upper-attachment-points-and-the-loads-imposed-on-them-in-a-lift/) - This resource will cover important considerations for two critical points for crane safety: the upper attachment point and the total load. The article covers important safety considerations for a symmetrically loaded two-leg bridle arrangement lifting a load vertically.
- [Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessments: <br>Worst-Case vs. Random Sampling](https://jespear.com/industrial-hygiene-exposure-assessments-worst-case-vs-random-sampling/) - By Jerome Spear, CSP, CIHAn industrial hygiene exposure assessment is the process used to evaluate a person’s exposure to a chemical or physical agent. However, in order to measure a worker’s “actual” exposure, a monitor would be required to be placed in his/her breathing zone each and every day, which is typically cost-prohibitive and time-consuming.Since
- [OSHA's Rule for Respirable Crystalline Silica](https://jespear.com/oshas-rule-for-respirable-crystalline-silica/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CSP, CIH Silica dust is hazardous when very small (respirable) particles are inhaled. These respirable dust particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and cause disabling and sometimes fatal lung diseases, including silicosis and lung cancer, as well as kidney disease. From 2005 through 2014, silicosis was listed as the underlying or
- [Integrating Process Safety Competency Into Organizational Leadership](https://jespear.com/integrating-process-safety-competency-into-organizational-leadership/) - Industrial incidents, both nonfatal and fatal, continue to occur at a dangerous and unacceptable level. In 2021, 2.6 million nonfatal injuries or illnesses were reported. In the same year, 5,190 fatal work-related injuries occurred across all sectors. Annual Fatal Incidents Have Trended Upward Since 2011 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Furthermore, the Chemical Safety
- [Keeping Safe in Hazardous Cold Weather](https://jespear.com/keeping-safe-in-hazardous-cold-weather/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CIH, CSP, FAIHAWhen the National Science Foundation’s Office of Polar Programs organizes a team to travel to the Antarctica to drill ice cores, preparations are extreme. Drillers wear tight cuff wet gear over extremely cold weather gear as well as gloves, hoods, cold weather face masks and chemical vapor respirators. The
- [Hazard Communication](https://jespear.com/hazard-communication/) - OSHA’s Adoption of the Globally System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)By Jerome E. Spear, CIH, CSP, FAIHALaws and regulations throughout the world are different enough to require multiple labels and safety data sheets for the same product both within the U.S. and international trade. It is estimated that about 42 to 45 million
- [Controlling Noise Exposure](https://jespear.com/controlling-noise-exposure/) - After determining worker exposure to noise, intervention may be needed to reduce noise exposures to allowable levels. There are three general ways to reduce to noise exposure, which are as follows (in order of preference):• Engineering Controls• Administrative Controls• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)When engineering controls are not feasible to reduce exposures, administrative controls and PPE
- [Preventing Noise-Induced Hearing Loss](https://jespear.com/preventing-noise-induced-hearing-loss/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CSP, CIHNoise, or unwanted sound, is a by-product of many industrial processes. Sound consists of pressure changes in a medium (usually air), caused by vibration or turbulence. These pressure changes produce waves emanating away from the turbulent or vibrating source. Exposure to high levels of noise causes hearing loss and may
- [Bonding & Grounding: Controlling Static Electricity](https://jespear.com/bonding-grounding-controlling-static-electricity/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CSP, CIHA few years ago, I investigated an incident involving a fire that resulted from the transfer of a flammable liquid mixture. A driver of a chemical supplier was delivering a load of product to a customer. The product consisted of a solvent solution containing toluene and other flammable ingredients. As
- [Compressed Gas Cylinder Safety](https://jespear.com/compressed-gas-cylinder-safety/) - Compressed gases pose a unique hazard. Depending on the particular and mechanical hazards associated with high pressure as well as chemical hazards associated with the gas itself. As a result, gas cylinders require special storage and handling precautions. Compressed gas and equipment is addressed in specific OSHA standards for both general industry and the construction
- [The Importance of Lift Planning: Mobile Crane Safety](https://jespear.com/the-importance-of-lift-planning-mobile-crane-safety/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CSP, CIHFrom 2011 to 2015, the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) reported 220 total crane-related deaths, an average of 44 per year over this five-year period (CFOI, 2017). A 2009 study by The Center to Protect Workers’ Rights examined the causes of crane-related deaths based on data obtained from the
- [Hexavalent Chromium Exposure Factors from Welding Operations](https://jespear.com/hexavalent-chromium-exposure-factors/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CSP, CIHChromium has been used commercially in the U.S. for more than 100 years. Chromium occurs mainly in three forms, described by its valence state. Metallic chromium (Cr[0]) is a steel-gray solid with a high melting point that is used to make steel and other alloys. Chromium metal does not occur
- [Preventing Damage to Underground Utilities](https://jespear.com/preventing-damage-to-underground-utilities/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CIH, CSP, FAIHA and Alexander RitchieThe possibilities of damaging underground utilities exist at every drilling site. Inadvertently severing an underground power line, rupturing a natural gas line, or damaging other underground utilities can result in significant consequences in terms of disrupting essential services, costly repairs, downtime, and potentially serious injuries and/or
- [Preparing for a Dot Audit](https://jespear.com/preparing-for-a-dot-audit/) - By Alexander Ritchie and Georg MarcumWhether a company utilizes a fleet of trucks or has just one commercial vehicle, the anticipation of a Department of Transportation (DOT) safety compliance audit can be a nerve-wracking experience – if you are not prepared. The best way to pass a DOT audit is to be certain that you
- [Hexavalent Chromium: Feasible Engineering Controls for Welding Operations](https://jespear.com/hexavalent-chromium-feasible-engineering-controls/) - OSHA requires exposures to hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) above the permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 5 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m³) to be reduced using feasible engineering controls, which is consistent with other substance-specific standards and good industrial hygiene practice. If feasible engineering controls do not sufficiently reduce exposures to below the PEL, exposures must be
- [Mobile Crane Safety: Factors Affecting Rated Capacity](https://jespear.com/factors-affecting-mobile-crane-safety/) - Factors Affecting Rated CapacityThe first step in creating a lift plan is to understand the factors affecting the strength and stability of mobile cranes. Some of these factors are described below. Machine configuration. Load chart ratings may only be applied if the machine is rigged according to the manufacturer’s specifications.Some questions to consider include:Is the
- [Measuring Safety and Health Performance](https://jespear.com/measuring-safety-and-health-performance/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CSP, CIH, FAIHA How an organization measures performance undoubtedly influences organizational behavior. However, measuring safety is difficult because it is difficult to predict the impact that new safety metrics will have on individual behavior, attitudes, and the overall safety climate. Regardless of how difficult it is to measure, a firm’s safety
- [Heat Illness:  What Are The Risk Factors?](https://jespear.com/heat-illness-risk-factors/) - The National Weather Service asserts that excessive heat was the number one weather-related killer, causing more fatalities per year than floods, lightning, tornadoes, hurricanes, winter storms, and extreme cold.Evidence from the Centers for Disease Control, American Red Cross, and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) show that hot environmental temperatures cause hundreds
- [Exposure Monitoring for Hexavalent Chromium](https://jespear.com/hexavalent-chromium/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CSP, CIHOSHA requires employers to determine Cr(VI) exposures to employees. Options for exposure determinations include initial and periodic exposure monitoring and/or the use of objective data. If objective data is used, the data must reflect workplace conditions closely resembling the processes, types of material, control methods, work practices, and environmental conditions.
- [10 Success Factors for Effective Safety Committees](https://jespear.com/10-success-factors-for-effective-safety-committees/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CSP, CIH Safety committees are a common way to get employees involved in the safety process. Often, safety committees are put together to assist with inspections and audits, review incidents and injuries, solicit suggestions to reduce injuries and illnesses, and/or conduct behavior observations. But, is the committee achieving its fullest potential?
- [Mold Risk Assessment and Remediation](https://jespear.com/mold-risk-assessment-and-remediation-2/) - 2003-08-PS-Mold-Assessment-and-Remediation-1Download
- [Exposure Assessments: Protect Your Company and Your Employees](https://jespear.com/exposure-assessments-protect-your-company-and-your-employees/) - JEROME E. SPEAR, CSP, CIH The exact number of occupational diseases that occur in the United States is unknown; however, most occupational disease cases are litigated that involve multiple defendants. By implementing a systematic exposure assessment and control process, you can help protect your company from such litigation and also protect the health of your employees. The basic steps
- [Controlling Welding Fumes at the Source](https://jespear.com/controlling-welding-fumes-at-the-source/) - JEROME E. SPEAR, CSP, CIH As with other health hazards, chemicals or agents should be eliminated or controlled at its source, where feasible. In welding, such point source control methods can be categorized as either fume technology-based fume controls or point source fume extraction methods (i.e., local exhaust ventilation). Technology-based fume control methods include the
- [Safety Culture: The Need for Evidence-Based Interventions](https://jespear.com/safety-culture-the-need-for-evidence-based-interventions/) - By Judith A. Erickson – Erickson Associates A three-year nationwide study explored the effects of corporate culture on the level of safety performance (Erickson, 1994). The goal was to provide scientific data that would further the cause of optimal safety program organization and functioning. An extensive literature search performed as a prelude to that research
- [Don’t Wait: Navigate Process Safety Management (PSM) Standards Amid Pending Regulatory Updates](https://jespear.com/dont-wait-navigate-process-safety-management-psm-standards-amid-pending-regulatory-updates/) - Process Safety Management (PSM) is essential to controlling hazardous materials and preventing disasters or catastrophic incidents. With talk of updating the current PSM Standard, we have provided key focus areas to consider for risk reduction.
- [<strong>SAFE USE OF WIRE ROPE</strong>](https://jespear.com/safe-use-of-wire-rope/) - Proper Maintenance and Inspection Jerome E. Spear, CIH, CSP, FAIHA | Mike Randall, CSPFeatured in Water Well Journal “A chain is only as strong as its weakest link” is an often used cliché frequently spoken or written in a figurative context. Although not a chain, wire rope is often an integral part of many pieces
- [Major Health Hazards to Construction Workers](https://jespear.com/major-health-hazards-to-construction-workers/) - National estimates suggest that about 10 times as many fatal occupational illnesses occur compared with fatal occupational injuries.¹ Furthermore, one study concluded that the risk of developing an occupationally-related disease over a lifetime in a construction trade is two to six times greater than for non-construction workers.² For various reasons, awareness and efforts to manage
- [MANGANESE EXPOSURE FROM WELDING OPERATIONS](https://jespear.com/health-effects-manganese-welding-fumes/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CSP, CIH Manganese is found in carbon steel and is also used in steel alloys. Small amounts of manganese are added to steel to improve the workability of steel at high temperatures. There is less than 1.65% by weight of manganese in carbon steel; whereas, special steels may have higher concentrations
- [CONFINED SPACES IN CONSTRUCTION](https://jespear.com/confined-spaces-in-construction/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CSP, CIH A construction foreman died from asphyxiation after entering a newly constructed manhole. Four construction workers were working in an inactive sewer system on a job site that was unoccupied for over a week. A few minutes after they started working, the crew noticed that the foreman was missing and
- [QUALIFICATIONS](https://jespear.com/qualifications/) - Experience, Education, Licenses, & Certifications Experience Construction Gap Analysis - Performed a construction gap analysis for a Fortune 500 biotech firm with sites located in California, Washington, Colorado, Rhode Island, and Puerto Rico. Contractor Safety Assessment - Performed contractor safety assessment during the painting of the containment dome of a nuclear operating company located
- [SERVICES](https://jespear.com/services/) - Information about the services that we offer and the industries that we service. Specialties: Expert witness and litigation support Incident investigations and root cause analysis Injury and illness prevention Safety inspections and audits Loss control surveys Industrial hygiene Hazard analysis and control Employee/workplace safety OSHA compliance Air quality, sampling and testing Chemical exposure and control

## Pages

- [Safe Use of Fiber and Wire Ropes](https://jespear.com/safe-use-of-fiber-and-wire-ropes/) - By Jerome E. Spear Fiber rope and wire rope are widely used across the groundwater industry. Fiber rope is more commonly used in manual hoisting, such as raising up or lowering down tools. Wire rope is commonly used for mechanical hoisting operations. The improper use of fiber rope or wire rope can result in serious
- [Careers](https://jespear.com/careers/) - Careers at Spear & LancasterWe are looking to expand our team of experts for support clients in environment, health, and safety services. Mold and Asbestos TrainerSpear & Lancaster, LLC is an expert safety, process safety, and industrial hygiene consulting firm dedicated to helping organizations increase profits and protect lives with risk management and incident prevention techniques.
- [Giveaway Form](https://jespear.com/giveaway-form/) - Please fill out the form below to be entered in to our raffle.Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form.Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form. Name Phone Email Name *FirstLastEmail *Phone Number *Submit
- [Company](https://jespear.com/accident-prevention-safety-houston/) - Our company delivers process safety management consulting. We're experts in helping organizations strengthen safety systems and respond effectively to incidents
- [News](https://jespear.com/news/) - Stay up to date on compliance and risk management, process safety management, and industrial hygiene with insights from Spear & Lancaster and Enviro-Con.
- [Publications](https://jespear.com/publications/) - Our publications offer practical solutions such as risk management frameworks, compliance strategies, and expert knowledge right at your fingertips.
- [Projects](https://jespear.com/projects/) - Construction IndustryPerformed a construction gap analysis for a Fortune 500 biotech firm with sites located in California, Washington, Colorado, Rhode Island, and Puerto Rico.Performed contractor safety assessment during the painting of the containment dome of a nuclear operating company located in Ohio.Performed an industrial hygiene air sampling study and related litigation support involving a fatality
- [Our Team](https://jespear.com/expert-witness-asbestos-industrial-hygiene/) - Jerome E. Spear, CSP, CIH, FAIHATexasIndustrial Hygiene & Safety Expert As the president and founding partner of Spear & Lancaster, LLC, I am dedicated to helping organizations increase profits via risk management and incident prevention techniques by offering expert safety, process safety, and industrial hygiene consulting. I have over 33 years of experience helping organizations
- [Mold Management Program: Key Elements in Preventing and Mitigating Mold Claims](https://jespear.com/mold-management-program-key-elements-in-preventing-and-mitigating-mold-claims/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CSP, CIHEffective January 1, 2005, consultants who prepare mold management plans for buildings located in Texas must be licensed as a mold assessment consultant in accordance with the Texas Mold Assessment and Remediation Rules According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), mold has affected approximately 10 to 25 million workers and
- [Podcasts](https://jespear.com/spear-lancaster-podcasts/) - Spotify Link Apple Episodes The Safety Experts S2E3: The Difference Between Good and Great in Safety Leadershiphttps://episodes.castos.com/629658d6c5d849-43638451/1918407/c1e-opxzjfv3371bd38o1-z39g54n7tgwk-q5guud.m4a Being great at something looks easy. The reality is much different.Great safety leaders have a hard task ahead of them—they must understand the risks and applicable regulations while building trust, respect, and influence within their team.In the newest episode
- [Mold Risk Assessment and Remediation](https://jespear.com/mold-risk-assessment-and-remediation/) - JES Pear offers comprehensive mold risk assessment and remediation solutions to safeguard your property. Learn how to identify, assess, and treat mold effectively.
- [Mold Contamination Risk Reduction](https://jespear.com/mold-contamination-risk-reduction/) - Learn effective strategies for reducing mold contamination risks with expert insights from JESPear.
- [Welding Fumes and Gases](https://jespear.com/welding-fumes-and-gases/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CSP, CIHWelding produces various contaminants at a sufficient rate to cause both short and long-term health effects if not properly controlled. A comprehensive review (Antonini) of epidemiological studies of welders indicates that a large number of welders experience some type of respiratory illness (such as bronchitis, airway irritation, lung function changes,
- [Contact](https://jespear.com/safety-health-environmental-consulting-services/) - Safety, Health, Environmental Consulting Services Spear ✞ Lancaster is a comprehensive health, safety, industrial hygiene, and environmental consulting services that meet the needs of each client. We offer training services and expert witness services to clients both nationwide and internationally. We are known as one of the most knowledgeable safety and health professionals in the field
- [The Economics of Ergonomics](https://jespear.com/the-economics-of-ergonomics/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CSP, CIH The body of scientific evidence supports the financial case for ergonomic programs. Strong evidence indicates that ergonomic programs are cost effective (Amick, Brewer, Tullar, Van Eerd, Cole, & Tompa, 2009). The evidence is particularly strong for ergonomic programs implemented in manufacturing (Tompa, Dolinschi, de Oliveira, & Irvin, 2007). There
- [Expert Witness](https://jespear.com/expert-witness-houston/) - Spear & Lancaster provides legal clients with expert witness services. We are reliable, and knowledgeable, and provide professional services. Our core team of highly trained consultants has a total combined experience of more than 185 years.Our subject matter experience includes:Industrial HygieneAsbestos ExposureConfined SpacesWelding Fume & Gas ExposureHexavalent ChromiumAluminum Dust and FumesVolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)FormaldehydeIndoor MoldIndoor
- [Safety Auditing](https://jespear.com/safety-and-health-program-auditing/) - Auditing is about assessing and collecting information to determine compliance and the overall effectiveness of your programs. Companies have an array of regulations and codes to meet to operate safely and we make it our value to ensure your procedures are up to current standards. Using JE Spear Consulting auditing and culture assessment services, we
- [Process Safety](https://jespear.com/process-safety-risk-management/) - Process-covered areas and dealing with highly hazardous chemicals is a work environment where programs must be robust. When it comes to industrial and manufacturing workspaces (or anywhere potentially hazardous activities take place), you must prioritize the management of process safety and reduce risk for your employees, customers, and environment. As an obligation to yourself and
- [Industrial Hygiene](https://jespear.com/industrial-hygiene-houston/) - Industrial hygiene is the study and art of anticipating, recognizing, evaluating, and controlling occupational and environmental health hazards. At Spear & Lancaster, your safety and industrial hygiene experts, are committed to protecting worker health. Spear & Lancaster is a proud member of the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA). An overview of our industrial hygiene services
- [Crane & Rigging](https://jespear.com/crane-riggings-safety/) - Crane & Rigging Safety Crane incidents can cause devastating results in terms of production, property damage, and loss of human life. In addition, crane-related incidents tend to be high profile events that receive a lot of publicity as indicated by the following recent news headlines:“Crane Topples Down in FL, Workers Flee” – Associated Press (April
- [Oil & Gas: Keeping Safe in Cold Weather](https://jespear.com/oil-gas-keeping-safe-in-cold-weather/) - By Jerome Spear, CIH, CSP When the National Science Foundation’s Office of Polar Programs organizes a team to travel to the Antarctica to drill ice cores, preparations are extreme. Drillers wear tight-cuff wet gear over extremely cold weather gear as well as gloves, hoods, cold-weather face masks and chemical vapour respirators – the latter to
- [Improving Contractor Safety Performance](https://jespear.com/improving-contractor-performance/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CSP, CIH Contractors are hired for their technical competency and skill to complete a project that has been conceptualized by the project owner and designed by the owner’s architect(s) and engineer(s). However, since the project occurs on the owner’s site, the owner is potentially exposed to additional liability (i.e., OSHA fines
- [Elements of a Fleet Safety Program](https://jespear.com/elements-of-a-fleet-safety-program/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CSP, CIH On December 8, 1985, I was in college studying for my final exams when an event occurred that changed my life forever. The next morning at the early hour of 2:00 a.m., I was abruptly awakened by a knock on my apartment door to discover that my older brother,
- [OSHA's Final Rule for Hexavalent Chromium](https://jespear.com/oshas-final-rule-for-hexavalent-chromium/) - Pursuant to a court order, OSHA issued a final rule on February 28, 2006 that addresses occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]). OSHA determined that the Cr(VI) rule is necessary to reduce significant health risks due to Cr(VI) exposure. Certain Cr(VI) compounds have been found to cause lung cancer and nasal cancer in humans. Inhaling
- [Stand-Sit Workstations: An Alternative to Sedentary Work](https://jespear.com/stand-sit-workstations-an-alternative-to-sedentary-work/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CSP, CIH and Jamie SepulvedaA computer desk and chair have become the prevalent work environment for the American working population. Compared to the factors involved in a blue-collar job, office employees are believed to be exposed to virtually no factors associated with occupational illnesses or disease; this, of course, is a
- [Mobile Crane Lift Planning](https://jespear.com/mobile-crane-lift-planning/) - JEROME E. SPEAR, CSP, CIH Mobile crane incidents can cause devastating results in terms of production, property damage, and loss of human life. In addition, crane-related incidents tend to be high profile events that receive a lot of publicity, as indicated by the following news article headlines: The leading causes of crane-related fatalities based on data from a 1996 analysis
- [Heat Stress Management: Assessment and Control Strategies](https://jespear.com/heat-stress-management-assessment-and-control-strategies/) - JEROME E. SPEAR, CSP, CIH The effects of heat stress range from simple discomfort to life threatening illnesses such as heat stroke. Aside from the environmental factors (such as temperature, humidity, air movement, and radiant heat), the person’s work regimen and clothing requirements are also factors that determine the risk of heat strain. This paper describes the following three steps to
- [Preventing Stress at Work: A Comprehensive Approach](https://jespear.com/preventing-stress-at-work-a-comprehensive-approach/) - By Michael Aust Are stressful working conditions a necessary evil to remain productive and profitable in today’s economy? Some employers make this assumption. However, research findings challenge this belief. Studies show that stressful working conditions are actually associated with increased absenteeism, tardiness, and intentions by workers to quit their jobs – all of which have
- [OSHA’s New Silica Rule: Understanding the Rule and Having a Plan Can Keep Workers Safe](https://jespear.com/oshas-new-silica-rule-understanding-the-rule-and-having-a-plan-can-keep-workers-safe/) - By Jerome E. Spear, CAP, CIH Silica dust is hazardous when small particles are inhaled. These dust particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and cause disabling—sometimes fatal—lung diseases, including silicosis and lung cancer as well as kidney disease. Silicosis was listed as the underlying or a contributing cause of death on more than 1100
- [Stress at Work: A Causal Factor to Poor Health and Organizational Failures](https://jespear.com/stress-at-work-a-causal-factor-to-poor-health-and-organizational-failures/) - By Michael Aust Perhaps, now more than ever, job stress poses a risk to the health of workers in the United States. One survey reported that one-fourth of employees view their jobs as the number one stressor in their lives (Northwestern National Life Insurance Company, 1991). Another study reported that three-fourth of employees believe the
- [Mobile Crane Safety - Blueprints](https://jespear.com/mobile-crane-safety-blueprints/) - JEROME E. SPEAR, CSP, CIH A proper mobile crane lifting plan is a key element of preventing crane incidents. Mobile crane incidents can cause massive production delays, devastating property damage and loss of life. OSHA estimates that 89 crane-related fatalities occur each year in construction work, and many of these are high-profile events that receive much adverse publicity. Many fatalities could likely have been avoided
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